Effect of Attached Growth on Treatment Performance in Waste Stabilization Ponds

Waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) rely upon natural biochemical reactions for treatment and are used widely across the world. However, WSPs often fail to meet performance expectations due insufficient hydraulic performance. Installation of baffles can improve by increasing mean residence time, reducing dead zones, short circuiting, thus improving pond Theoretically, with ability sustain attached growth will increase possible attachment area microorganisms further contribute nutrient removal. date there have been no full-scale studies exploring in WSPs. The main objective this study was investigate quantify effect on WSP performance, specifically terms improvements provided biofilm compared improvement. A first-order kinetic model predict biological oxygen demand (BOD) removal efficiency, including suspended biomass reactions, determine whether or hydraulics had most influence At operational scale, we found that although presence results a modest (~0.6%) improvement influential factor improved (~5.3%). In generalization, change thickness less higher organic loading scenarios; however, considerable (~12%) efficiency could be achieved doubling total area. Overall, shows not only but also as medium efficiency.